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RSS订阅原创 Apple公司Darwin流式服务器源代码分析
注：这篇文章是我另一个账号tipher上的博文，好久没有照看它了，因此干脆把他搬到新家来吧。（http://blog.csdn.net/tipher/article/details/5325422） 当前，伴随着Internet的飞速发展，计算机网络已经进入到每一个普通人的家庭。在这个过程中，一个值得我们关注的现象是：Internet中存储和传输内容的构成已经发生了本质的改变，从传统的基于
2013-01-05 09:00:06
522
光网络通信协议-g.709
1 Scope 11
2 References 11
3 Terms and definitions 12
4 Abbreviations 14
5 Conventions 17
6 Optical transport network interface structure 18
6.1 Basic signal structure 19
6.1.1 OCh substructure 19
6.1.2 Full functionality OTM n.m (n ≥ 1) structure 19
6.1.3 Reduced functionality OTM nr.m and OTM 0.m structure 20
6.2 Information structure for the OTN interfaces 20
7 Multiplexing/mapping principles and bit rates 24
7.1 Mapping 26
7.2 Wavelength division multiplex 27
7.3 Bit rates and capacity 27
7.4 ODUk Time Division Multiplex 28
8 Optical transport module (OTM n.m, OTM nr.m, OTM 0.m) 30
8.1 OTM with reduced functionality (OTM 0.m, OTM nr.m, OTM-0v.m) 30
8.1.1 OTM 0.m 31
8.1.2 OTM nr.m 31
8.1.2.1 OTM 16r.m 31
8.1.2.2 OTM 32r.m 33
8.1.3 OTM 0v.m Error! Bookmark not defined.
8.2 OTM with full functionality (OTM n.m) 35
9 Physical specification of the ONNI 37
9.1 OTM 0.m 37
9.2 OTM nr.m 37
9.2.1 OTM 16r.m 37
9.2.2 OTM 32r.m 37
9.3 OTM n.m 37
9.3 OTM 0v.m Error! Bookmark not defined.
10 Optical channel (OCh) 37
10.1 OCh with full functionality (OCh) 37
10.2 OCh with reduced functionality (OChr) 38
11 Optical channel transport unit (OTU) 38
11.1 OTUk frame structure 38
11.2 Scrambling 40
12 Optical channel data unit (ODUk) 40
12.1 ODUk frame structure 40
13 Optical channel payload unit (OPUk) 41
14 OTM overhead signal (OOS) 41
15 Overhead description 41
15.1 Types of overhead 43
15.1.1 Optical channel payload unit overhead (OPUk OH) 43
15.1.2 Optical channel data unit overhead (ODUk OH) 43
15.1.3 Optical channel transport unit overhead (OTUk OH) 44
15.1.4 Optical channel non-associated overhead (OCh OH) 44
15.1.5 Optical multiplex section overhead (OMS OH) 44
15.1.6 Optical transmission section overhead (OTS OH) 44
15.1.7 General management communications overhead (COMMS OH) 44
15.2 Trail trace identifier and access point identifier definition 44
15.3 OTS OH description 46
15.3.1 OTS trail trace identifier (TTI) 46
15.3.2 OTS backward defect indication – Payload (BDI-P) 46
15.3.3 OTS backward defect indication – Overhead (BDI-O) 46
15.3.4 OTS payload missing indication (PMI) 46
15.4 OMS OH description 47
15.4.1 OMS forward defect indication – Payload (FDI-P) 47
15.4.2 OMS forward defect indication – Overhead (FDI-O) 47
15.4.3 OMS backward defect indication – Payload (BDI-P) 47
15.4.4 OMS backward defect indication – Overhead (BDI-O) 47
15.4.5 OMS payload missing indication (PMI) 47
15.5 OCh OH description 47
15.5.1 OCh forward defect indication – Payload (FDI-P) 47
15.5.2 OCh forward defect indication – Overhead (FDI-O) 47
15.5.3 OCh open connection indication (OCI) 47
15.6 OTUk/ODUk frame alignment OH description 48
15.6.1 OTUk/ODUk frame alignment overhead location 48
15.6.2 OTUk/ODUk frame alignment overhead definition 48
15.6.2.1 Frame alignment signal (FAS) 48
15.6.2.2 Multiframe alignment signal (MFAS) 48
15.7 OTUk OH description 49
15.7.1 OTUk overhead location 49
15.7.2 OTUk overhead definition 50
15.7.2.1 OTUk section monitoring (SM) overhead 50
15.7.2.1.1 OTUk SM trail trace identifier (TTI) 50
15.7.2.1.2 OTUk SM error detection code (BIP-8) 50
15.7.2.1.3 OTUk SM backward defect indication (BDI) 51
15.7.2.1.4 OTUk SM backward error indication and backward incoming alignment error (BEI/BIAE) 51
15.7.2.1.5 OTUk SM incoming alignment error overhead (IAE) 52
15.7.2.1.6 OTUk SM reserved overhead (RES) 52
15.7.2.2 OTUk general communication channel 0 (GCC0) 52
15.7.2.3 OTUk reserved overhead (RES) 52
15.7.3 OTUkV overhead 52
15.8 ODUk OH description 53
15.8.1 ODUk OH location 53
15.8.2 ODUk OH definition 54
15.8.2.1 ODUk path monitoring (PM) overhead 54
15.8.2.1.1 ODUk PM trail trace identifier (TTI) 54
15.8.2.1.2 ODUk PM error detection code (BIP-8) 54
15.8.2.1.3 ODUk PM backward defect indication (BDI) 55
15.8.2.1.4 ODUk PM backward error indication (BEI) 55
15.8.2.1.5 ODUk PM status (STAT) 56
15.8.2.2 ODUk tandem connection monitoring (TCM) overhead 56
15.8.2.2.1 ODUk TCM trail trace identifier (TTI) 58
15.8.2.2.2 ODUk TCM error detection code (BIP-8) 59
15.8.2.2.3 ODUk TCM backward defect indication (BDI) 59
15.8.2.2.4 ODUk TCM backward error indication (BEI) and backward incoming alignment error (BIAE) 59
15.8.2.2.5 ODUk TCM status (STAT) 60
15.8.2.2.6 TCM overhead field assignment 61
15.8.2.2.7 ODUk tandem connection monitoring activation/deactivation coordination protocol 62
15.8.2.3 ODUk general communication channels (GCC1, GCC2) 62
15.8.2.4 ODUk automatic protection switching and protection communication channel (APS/PCC) 62
15.8.2.5 ODUk fault type and fault location reporting communication channel (FTFL) 63
15.8.2.5.1 Forward/backward fault type indication field 63
15.8.2.5.2 Forward/backward operator identifier field 64
15.8.2.5.3 Forward/backward operator specific field 65
15.8.2.6 ODUk experimental overhead (EXP) 65
15.8.2.7 ODUk reserved overhead (RES) 65
15.9 OPUk OH description 65
15.9.1 OPUk OH location 65
15.9.2 OPUk OH definition 66
15.9.2.1 OPUk payload structure identifier (PSI) 66
15.9.2.1.1 OPUk payload type (PT) 66
15.9.2.2 OPUk mapping specific overhead 67
16 Maintenance signals 67
16.1 OTS maintenance signals 68
16.1.1 OTS payload missing indication (OTS-PMI) 68
16.2 OMS maintenance signals 68
16.2.1 OMS forward defect indication – Payload (OMS-FDI-P) 68
16.2.2 OMS forward defect indication – Overhead (OMS-FDI-O) 68
16.2.3 OMS payload missing indication (OMS-PMI) 68
16.3 OCh maintenance signals 68
16.3.1 OCh forward defect indication – Payload (OCh-FDI-P) 68
16.3.2 OCh forward defect indication – Overhead (OCh-FDI-O) 68
16.3.3 OCh open connection indication (OCh-OCI) 68
16.4 OTUk maintenance signals 68
16.4.1 OTUk alarm indication signal (OTUk-AIS) 68
16.5 ODUk maintenance signals 69
16.5.1 ODUk alarm indication signal (ODUk-AIS) 69
16.5.2 ODUk open connection indication (ODUk-OCI) 69
16.5.3 ODUk locked (ODUk-LCK) 70
16.6 Client maintenance signal 71
16.6.1 Generic AIS for constant bit rate signals 71
17 Mapping of client signals 72
17.1 Mapping of CBR2G5, CBR10G, CBR10G3 and CBR40G signals (e.g., STM-16/64/256, 10GBASE-R) into OPUk 72
17.1.1 Mapping a CBR2G5 signal (e.g., STM-16) into OPU1 74
17.1.2 Mapping a CBR10G signal (e.g., STM-64) into OPU2 75
17.1.3 Mapping a CBR40G signal (e.g. STM-256) into OPU3 75
17.1.4 Mapping a CBR10G3125 signal (e.g., 10GBASE-xR) into OPU2e 76
17.2 Mapping of ATM cell stream into OPUk 76
17.3 Mapping of GFP frames into OPUk 77
17.4 Mapping of test signal into OPUk 78
17.4.1 Mapping of a NULL client into OPUk 78
17.4.2 Mapping of PRBS test signal into OPUk 78
17.5 Mapping of a non-specific client bit stream into OPUk 79
17.5.1 Mapping bit stream with octet timing into OPUk 80
17.5.2 Mapping bit stream without octet timing into OPUk 80
17.6 Mapping of other constant bit-rate signals with justification into OPUk 80
17.7 Mapping a 1000BASE-X and FC-1200 signal via timing transparent transcoding into OPUk 80
17.7.1 Mapping a 1000BASE-X signal into OPU0 81
17.7.2 Mapping a FC-1200 signal into OPU2e 88
18 Concatenation 88
18.1 Virtual concatenation of OPUk 91
18.1.1 Virtual concatenated OPUk (OPUk-Xv, k = 1 .. 3, X = 1 .. 256) 91
18.1.2 OPUk-Xv OH description 92
18.1.2.1 OPUk-Xv OH location 92
18.1.2.2 OPUk-Xv OH definition 93
18.1.2.2.1 OPUk-Xv Payload Structure Identifier (PSI) 93
18.1.2.2.1.1 OPUk-Xv Payload Type (vcPT) 93
18.1.2.2.1.2 OPUk-Xv Payload Structure Identifier Reserved overhead (RES) 94
18.1.2.2.2 OPUk-Xv Virtual Concatenation Overhead (VCOH1/2/3) 94
18.1.2.2.2.1 OPUk-Xv Virtual Concatenation MultiFrame Indicator (MFI1, MFI2) 94
18.1.2.2.2.2 OPUk-Xv Sequence Indicator (SQ) 95
18.1.2.2.2.3 OPUk-Xv LCAS Control Words (CTRL) 95
18.1.2.2.2.4 OPUk-Xv LCAS Member Status Field (MST) 95
18.1.2.2.2.5 OPUk-Xv LCAS Group Identification (GID) 95
18.1.2.2.2.6 OPUk-Xv LCAS Re-Sequence Acknowledge (RS-Ack) 95
18.1.2.2.2.7 OPUk-Xv LCAS Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) 96
18.1.2.2.2.8 OPUk-Xv VCOH Reserved Overhead 96
18.1.2.2.3 OPUk Mapping Specific Overhead 96
18.2 Mapping of client signals 96
18.2.1 Mapping of CBR signals (e.g., STM-64/256) into OPUk-4v 96
18.2.1.1 Mapping a CBR10G signal (e.g. STM-64) into OPU1-4v 97
18.2.1.2 Mapping a CBR40G signal (e.g. STM-256) into OPU2-4v 98
18.2.2 Mapping of CBR signals (e.g., STM-256) into OPUk-16v 98
18.2.2.1 Mapping a CBR40G signal (e.g., STM-256) into OPU1-16v 100
18.2.3 Mapping of ATM cell stream into OPUk-Xv 101
18.2.4 Mapping of GFP frames into OPUk-Xv 102
18.2.5 Mapping of test signal into OPUk-Xv 102
18.2.5.1 Mapping of a NULL client into OPUk-Xv 102
18.2.5.2 Mapping of PRBS test signal into OPUk-Xv 103
18.2.6 Mapping of a non-specific client bit stream into OPUk-Xv 104
18.2.6.1 Mapping bit stream with octet timing into OPUk-Xv 105
18.2.6.2 Mapping bit stream without octet timing into OPUk-Xv 105
18.3 LCAS for virtual concatenation 105
19 Mapping ODUj signals into the ODTUjk and ODTU? signals 105
19.1 OPUk Tributary Slot definition 105
19.1.1 OPU2 Tributary Slot allocation 106
19.1.2 OPU3 Tributary Slot allocation 107
19.1.3 OPU4 Tributary Slot allocation 110
19.1.4 OPU1 Tributary Slot allocation 109
19.2 ODTUjk and ODTU? definitions 110
19.2.1 ODTU12 110
19.2.2 ODTU13 110
19.2.3 ODTU23 110
19.2.7 ODTU01 110
19.2.8 ODTU? Error! Bookmark not defined.
19.3 Multiplexing ODTUjk and ODTU? signals into the OPUk 111
19.3.1 ODTU12 mapping into one OPU2 2.5G Tributary Slot 111
19.3.2 ODTU13 mapping into one OPU3 2.5G Tributary Slot 112
19.3.3 ODTU23 mapping into four OPU3 2.5G Tributary Slots 113
19.3.4 ODTU01 mapping into one OPU1 1.25G Tributary Slot 114
19.4 OPUk Multiplex Overhead 115
19.4.1 OPUk Multiplex Structure Identifier (MSI) 118
19.4.1.1 OPU2 Multiplex Structure Identifier (MSI) 119
19.4.1.2 OPU3 Multiplex Structure Identifier (MSI) 119
19.4.1.3 OPU4 Multiplex Structure Identifier (MSI) 120
19.4.1.4 OPU1 Multiplex Structure Identifier (MSI) Error! Bookmark not defined.
19.4.2 OPUk Payload Structure Identifier Reserved overhead (RES) 120
19.4.3 OPUk Multiplex Justification Overhead (JOH) 121
19.4.3.1 Asynchronous Mapping Procedure Error! Bookmark not defined.
19.4.3.2 Asynchronous Generic Mapping Procedure Error! Bookmark not defined.
19.4.4 OPU4 Multi Frame Identifier overhead (OMFI) 121
19.5 Mapping ODUj into ODTUjk 121
19.5.1 Mapping ODU1 into ODTU12 122
19.5.2 Mapping ODU1 into ODTU13 123
19.5.3 Mapping ODU2 into ODTU23 124
19.5.4 Mapping ODU0 into ODTU01 126
ODU0 into OPUk Tributary Slot Mapping Error! Bookmark not defined.
19.6 Mapping ODUj into ODTU? Error! Bookmark not defined.
2009-10-02
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