madoba的专栏

BLUETOOTH SPECIFICATION Version 4.2

Android_BlueDroid详细分析

14.1版本最大的变化就是增加了2大系列的器件库： MAX 10和Arria 10。 这2大系列据Altera中国区代理 骏龙科技的人说，就是为了和Xilinx打价格战的，其中MAX 10系列结构与性能和Cyclone IV差不多，价格更低，而且可以加密，集成了2个配置器件，Cyclone V系列是Cyclone最后一代产品了，从MAX 10开始Cyclone和MAX就合并了，以后都叫MAX了，都是FPGA集成高速配置器件的结构。 Arria 10系列性能和Stratix V一样，价格是Stratix V的一半或者更低。

逻辑电路设计de2-115实战宝典书中的范例代码

emWin 图形库 图形用户界面 版本 5.12 手册修订版 0 emWin V5.12 用户参考手册 © 1997 - 2011 SEGGER Microcontroller GmbH & Co. KG 9 1 emWin 简介....................................................................................................................23 1.1 本文档的目的 ............................................................................................24 1.2 假定 .......................................................................................................24 1.3 如何使用本手册 .........................................................................................24 1.4 语法句子的印刷规范 ....................................................................................24 1.5 要求 .......................................................................................................25 1.5.1 目标系统 （硬件）.......................................................................................25 1.5.2 开发环境 （编译器）....................................................................................25 1.6 特性 .......................................................................................................26 1.7 示例和演示 ...............................................................................................27 1.8 初学者套装 ...............................................................................................27 1.9 屏幕和坐标 ...............................................................................................27 1.10 如何将显示器连接到微控制器 .........................................................................28 1.11 数据类型..................................................................................................29 2 入门指南.........................................................................................................................31 2.1 推荐目录结构 ............................................................................................32 2.1.1 子目录 ....................................................................................................32 2.1.2 包含目录..................................................................................................32 2.2 添加 emWin 到目标程序...............................................................................32 2.3 创建库 ....................................................................................................33 2.3.1 改编库批处理文件以适应不同系统 ...................................................................33 2.4 要包含在项目中的 C 文件..............................................................................35 2.5 emWin 的配置 ..........................................................................................35 2.6 初始化 emWin ..........................................................................................36 2.7 有目标硬件时使用 emWin ............................................................................37 2.8 “Hello world”示例程序 .............................................................................37 3 模拟................................................................................................................................39 3.1 使用模拟..................................................................................................40 3.1.1 通过 emWin 试用版使用模拟 .........................................................................40 3.1.1.1 目录结构..................................................................................................40 3.1.1.2 Visual C++ 工作空间 .................................................................................40 3.1.1.3 编译演示程序 ............................................................................................41 3.1.1.4 编译示例..................................................................................................41 3.1.2 通过 emWin 源代码使用模拟 .........................................................................42 3.1.2.1 目录结构..................................................................................................42 3.1.2.2 Visual C++ 工作空间 .................................................................................42 3.1.2.3 编译应用程序 ............................................................................................43 3.1.3 模拟的高级功能 .........................................................................................43 3.1.3.1 暂停和恢复 ...............................................................................................43 3.1.3.2 查看系统信息 ............................................................................................43 3.1.3.3 复制到剪贴板 ............................................................................................43 3.2 设备模拟..................................................................................................44 3.2.1 生成的框架视图 .........................................................................................45 3.2.2 自定义位图视图 .........................................................................................45 3.2.3 窗口视图..................................................................................................46 3.3 设备模拟 API ............................................................................................47 3.4 硬键模拟..................................................................................................52 3.4.1 硬键模拟 API ............................................................................................5310 emWin V5.12 用户参考手册 © 1997 - 2011 SEGGER Microcontroller GmbH & Co. KG 3.5 集成 emWin 模拟到现有模拟中...................................................................... 56 3.5.1 目录结构 ................................................................................................. 56 3.5.2 使用模拟库 .............................................................................................. 56 3.5.2.1 修改 WinMain .......................................................................................... 56 3.5.2.2 应用程序示例............................................................................................ 57 3.5.3 集成到 embOS 模拟中 ................................................................................ 58 3.5.3.1 WinMain................................................................................................. 58 3.5.3.2 目标程序 (main) ....................................................................................... 59 3.5.4 GUI 模拟 API ........................................................................................... 60 4 查看器 ............................................................................................................................63 4.1 使用查看器 .............................................................................................. 64 4.1.1 使用模拟和查看器 ...................................................................................... 64 4.1.2 使用带虚拟页面的查看器 .............................................................................. 65 4.1.3 总在顶部显示............................................................................................ 65 4.1.4 打开显示输出的更多窗口 .............................................................................. 65 4.1.5 缩放....................................................................................................... 66 4.1.6 将输出复制到剪贴板 ................................................................................... 66 4.1.7 使用带多种显示的查看器 .............................................................................. 67 4.1.8 使用带多种显示的查看器 .............................................................................. 67 5 显示文本.........................................................................................................................69 5.1 基本例程 ................................................................................................. 70 5.2 文本 API ................................................................................................. 71 5.3 显示文本的例程 ......................................................................................... 72 5.4 选择文本绘制模式 ...................................................................................... 79 5.5 选择文本对齐模式 ...................................................................................... 81 5.6 设置当前文本位置 ...................................................................................... 83 5.7 返回当前文本位置 ...................................................................................... 84 5.8 清除窗口或部分窗口的例程 ........................................................................... 84 6 显示数值.........................................................................................................................85 6.1 评估 API ................................................................................................. 86 6.2 显示十进制数值 ......................................................................................... 87 6.3 显示浮点数值............................................................................................ 91 6.4 显示二进制数值 ......................................................................................... 94 6.5 显示十六进制数值 ...................................................................................... 95 6.6 emWin 版 ............................................................................................... 96 7 2-D 图形库......................................................................................................................97 7.1 图形 API ................................................................................................. 98 7.2 绘制模式 ................................................................................................100 7.3 查询当前客户区矩形 ..................................................................................102 7.4 画笔大小 ................................................................................................102 7.5 基本绘制例程...........................................................................................103 7.6 Alpha 混合 .............................................................................................110 7.7 绘制位图 ................................................................................................113 7.8 绘制流位图 .............................................................................................116 7.9 绘制线条 ................................................................................................122 7.10 绘制多边形 .............................................................................................126 7.11 绘制圆 ...................................................................................................131 7.12 绘制椭圆 ................................................................................................133 7.13 绘制弧线 ................................................................................................135 7.14 绘制线图 ................................................................................................137 7.15 绘制饼图 ................................................................................................138 7.16 保存和恢复 GUI 环境 .................................................................................139 7.17 裁剪......................................................................................................140 8 显示位图文件 ...............................................................................................................141emWin V5.12 用户参考手册 © 1997 - 2011 SEGGER Microcontroller GmbH & Co. KG 11 8.1 BMP 文件支持 ......................................................................................... 142 8.1.1 支持的格式 ............................................................................................. 142 8.1.2 BMP 文件 API ......................................................................................... 142 8.2 JPEG 文件支持 ........................................................................................ 148 8.2.1 支持的 JPEG 压缩方法 ............................................................................... 148 8.2.2 将 JPEG 文件转换为 C 源 ............................................................................ 148 8.2.3 显示 JPEG 文件........................................................................................ 148 8.2.4 存储器使用 ............................................................................................. 149 8.2.5 渐进式 JPEG 文件..................................................................................... 149 8.2.6 JPEG 文件 API ........................................................................................ 149 8.3 GIF 文件支持 .......................................................................................... 154 8.3.1 将 GIF 文件转换为 C 源.............................................................................. 154 8.3.2 显示 GIF 文件 ......................................................................................... 154 8.3.3 存储器使用 ............................................................................................. 154 8.3.4 GIF 文件 API .......................................................................................... 155 8.4 PNG 文件支持 ......................................................................................... 163 8.4.1 将 PNG 文件转换为 C 源 ............................................................................. 163 8.4.2 显示 PNG 文件 ........................................................................................ 163 8.4.3 存储器使用 ............................................................................................. 163 8.4.4 PNG 文件 API ......................................................................................... 163 8.5 使用 ...Ex() 函数获取数据 .......................................................................... 167 9 字体..............................................................................................................................169 9.1 简介 ..................................................................................................... 170 9.2 字体类型................................................................................................ 170 9.3 字体格式................................................................................................ 172 9.3.1 C 文件格式 ............................................................................................. 172 9.3.2 系统独立字体 (SIF) 格式 ............................................................................ 172 9.3.3 外部位图字体 (XBF) 格式 ........................................................................... 173 9.3.4 TrueType 字体 (TTF) 格式 ......................................................................... 174 9.4 将 TTF 文件转换为 C 源.............................................................................. 174 9.5 声明自定义字体 ....................................................................................... 175 9.6 选择字体................................................................................................ 175 9.7 字体 API................................................................................................ 176 9.8 C 文件相关的字体函数 ............................................................................... 177 9.9 “SIF”文件相关的字体函数 ........................................................................ 178 9.10 “TTF”文件相关的字体函数 ........................................................................ 179 9.11 “XBF”文件相关的字体函数........................................................................ 183 9.12 常见字体相关的函数 .................................................................................. 184 9.13 字符集 .................................................................................................. 188 9.13.1 ASCII................................................................................................... 188 9.13.2 ISO 8859-1 西方拉丁字符集....................................................................... 189 9.13.3 Unicode................................................................................................ 190 9.14 字体转换器 ............................................................................................. 191 9.14.1 添加字体................................................................................................ 191 9.15 标准字体................................................................................................ 192 9.15.1 字体标识符命名约定 .................................................................................. 192 9.15.2 字体文件命名约定..................................................................................... 193 9.15.3 字体的计量、 ROM 大小和字符集 .................................................................. 193 9.15.4 比例字体................................................................................................ 194 9.15.4.1 概述 ..................................................................................................... 194 9.15.4.2 计量、 ROM 大小和使用的文件..................................................................... 194 9.15.4.3 字符 ..................................................................................................... 196 9.15.5 比例字体，带边框..................................................................................... 202 9.15.5.1 概述 ..................................................................................................... 202 9.15.5.2 计量、 ROM 大小和使用的文件..................................................................... 202 9.15.5.3 字符 ..................................................................................................... 202 9.15.6 等宽字体................................................................................................ 203 9.15.6.1 概述 ..................................................................................................... 203 9.15.6.2 计量、 ROM 大小和使用的文件..................................................................... 204 9.15.6.3 字符 ..................................................................................................... 20512 emWin V5.12 用户参考手册 © 1997 - 2011 SEGGER Microcontroller GmbH & Co. KG 9.15.7 数字字体 （比例）.....................................................................................209 9.15.7.1 概述......................................................................................................209 9.15.7.2 计量、 ROM 大小和使用的文件 .....................................................................209 9.15.7.3 字符......................................................................................................209 9.15.8 数字字体 （等宽）.....................................................................................210 9.15.8.1 概述......................................................................................................210 9.15.8.2 计量、 ROM 大小和使用的文件 .....................................................................211 9.15.8.3 字符......................................................................................................211 10 位图转换器.................................................................................................................213 10.1 功能......................................................................................................214 10.2 加载位图 ................................................................................................214 10.2.1 支持的输入文件格式 ..................................................................................214 10.2.2 从文件加载 .............................................................................................214 10.2.3 使用剪贴板 .............................................................................................215 10.3 从位图生成 C 文件.....................................................................................215 10.3.1 支持的位图格式 ........................................................................................215 10.3.2 调色板信息 .............................................................................................215 10.3.3 透明性 ...................................................................................................216 10.3.4 Alpha 混合 .............................................................................................216 10.3.5 选择最佳格式...........................................................................................217 10.3.6 保存文件 ................................................................................................218 10.4 色彩转换 ................................................................................................219 10.5 生成 C 流文件 ..........................................................................................220 10.6 压缩位图 ................................................................................................220 10.7 使用定制调色板 ........................................................................................221 10.7.1 保存调色板文件 ........................................................................................221 10.7.2 C 文件格式..............................................................................................221 10.7.3 固定调色板模式的调色板文件 .......................................................................221 10.7.4 转换位图 ................................................................................................222 10.8 命令行用法 .............................................................................................222 10.8.1 命令的格式 .............................................................................................222 10.8.2 有效的命令行选项 .....................................................................................222 10.9 转换位图示例...........................................................................................224 11 颜色............................................................................................................................227 11.1 预定义的颜色...........................................................................................228 11.2 颜色条测试例程 ........................................................................................228 11.3 固定调色板模式 ........................................................................................229 11.4 固定调色板模式的详细说明 ..........................................................................230 11.5 应用程序定义的色彩转换 .............................................................................240 11.6 定制调色板模式 ........................................................................................241 11.7 颜色 API ................................................................................................241 11.8 基本颜色函数...........................................................................................242 11.9 索引和色彩转换 ........................................................................................244 12 存储设备.....................................................................................................................247 12.1 使用存储设备：图示 ..................................................................................248 12.2 支持的色彩深度 (bpp)................................................................................248 12.3 存储设备和窗口管理器................................................................................249 12.4 存储设备和多层 ........................................................................................249 12.5 内存要求 ................................................................................................249 12.6 性能......................................................................................................250 12.7 基本函数 ................................................................................................251 12.8 使用存储设备的准备操作 ... .........................................................................251 12.9 多层 / 多显示配置 .....................................................................................251 12.10 配置选项 ................................................................................................251 12.10.1 GUI_USE_MEMDEV_1BPP_FOR_SCREEN....................................................251 12.11 存储设备 API...........................................................................................251 12.12 基本函数 ................................................................................................253emWin V5.12 用户参考手册 © 1997 - 2011 SEGGER Microcontroller GmbH & Co. KG 13 12.13 分段存储设备 .......................................................................................... 266 12.14 自动设备对象 .......................................................................................... 267 12.15 测量设备对象 .......................................................................................... 269 12.16 动画函数................................................................................................ 271 12.17 动画函数 （需要使用窗口管理器）................................................................. 272 13 执行模型：单任务 / 多任务.........................................................................................277 13.1 支持的执行模型 ....................................................................................... 278 13.2 单任务系统 （超循环）............................................................................... 278 13.2.1 描述 ..................................................................................................... 278 13.2.2 超循环示例 （无 emWin）.......................................................................... 278 13.2.3 优势 ..................................................................................................... 278 13.2.4 缺点 ..................................................................................................... 278 13.2.5 使用 emWin ........................................................................................... 278 13.2.6 超循环示例 （有 emWin）.......................................................................... 279 13.3 多任务系统：一个任务调用 emWin ............................................................... 279 13.3.1 描述 ..................................................................................................... 279 13.3.2 优势 ..................................................................................................... 279 13.3.3 缺点 ..................................................................................................... 279 13.3.4 使用 emWin ........................................................................................... 279 13.4 多任务系统：多个任务调用 emWin ............................................................... 280 13.4.1 描述 ..................................................................................................... 280 13.4.2 优势 ..................................................................................................... 280 13.4.3 缺点 ..................................................................................................... 280 13.4.4 使用 emWin ........................................................................................... 280 13.4.5 建议 ..................................................................................................... 280 13.4.6 示例 ..................................................................................................... 280 13.5 支持多任务的 GUI 配置函数 ........................................................................ 281 13.6 支持多任务的 GUI 配置宏 ........................................................................... 283 13.7 内核接口 API .......................................................................................... 284 13.7.1 示例 ..................................................................................................... 287 14 窗口管理器 (WM) .......................................................................................................289 14.1 术语说明................................................................................................ 290 14.2 回调机制，无效化和渲染 ............................................................................ 291 14.2.1 不使用回调渲染 ....................................................................................... 291 14.2.2 使用回调渲染 .......................................................................................... 292 14.2.3 背景窗口重绘和回调 .................................................................................. 292 14.2.4 无效化 .................................................................................................. 293 14.2.5 渲染透明窗口 .......................................................................................... 293 14.2.6 自动使用存储设备..................................................................................... 293 14.2.7 自动使用多帧缓冲..................................................................................... 294 14.2.8 自动使用显示驱动缓存 ............................................................................... 294 14.3 消息 ..................................................................................................... 295 14.3.1 消息结构................................................................................................ 295 14.3.2 消息清单................................................................................................ 295 14.3.3 系统定义的消息 ....................................................................................... 296 14.3.4 指针输入设备 (PID) 消息............................................................................ 300 14.3.5 系统定义的通知代码 .................................................................................. 303 14.3.6 应用定义的消息 ....................................................................................... 303 14.4 配置选项................................................................................................ 304 14.5 WM API ................................................................................................ 305 14.5.1 使用 WM API 函数.................................................................................... 307 14.6 基本函数................................................................................................ 307 14.7 存储设备支持 （可选）............................................................................... 336 14.8 定时器相关函数 ....................................................................................... 336 14.9 小工具相关函数 ....................................................................................... 339 14.10 示例 ..................................................................................................... 342 15 窗口对象 （小工具）...................................................................................................34514 emWin V5.12 用户参考手册 © 1997 - 2011 SEGGER Microcontroller GmbH & Co. KG 15.1 基础知识 ................................................................................................346 15.1.1 可用小工具 .............................................................................................346 15.1.2 了解重绘机制...........................................................................................347 15.1.3 如何使用小工具 ........................................................................................347 15.2 配置选项 ................................................................................................349 15.3 通用小工具 API ........................................................................................350 15.3.1 用于小工具的 WM 例程...............................................................................350 15.3.2 常用例程 ................................................................................................350 15.3.3 用户绘制小工具 ........................................................................................354 15.4 BUTTON：按钮小工具 ...............................................................................356 15.4.1 配置选项 ................................................................................................356 15.4.2 通知代码 ................................................................................................357 15.4.3 键盘反应 ................................................................................................357 15.4.4 BUTTON API ..........................................................................................357 15.4.5 示例......................................................................................................370 15.5 CHECKBOX：复选框小工具.........................................................................371 15.5.1 配置选项 ................................................................................................372 15.5.2 通知代码 ................................................................................................372 15.5.3 键盘反应 ................................................................................................372 15.5.4 CHECKBOX API ......................................................................................372 15.5.5 示例......................................................................................................386 15.6 DROPDOWN：下拉列表小工具 ....................................................................387 15.6.1 配置选项 ................................................................................................388 15.6.2 通知代码 ................................................................................................388 15.6.3 键盘反应 ................................................................................................388 15.6.4 DROPDOWN API.....................................................................................388 15.6.5 示例......................................................................................................400 15.7 EDIT：“编辑”小工具 ...............................................................................402 15.7.1 配置选项 ................................................................................................402 15.7.2 通知代码 ................................................................................................402 15.7.3 键盘反应 ................................................................................................403 15.7.4 EDIT API...............................................................................................403 15.7.5 示例......................................................................................................418 15.8 FRAMEWIN：框架窗口小工具......................................................................419 15.8.1 框架窗口的结构 ........................................................................................420 15.8.2 配置选项 ................................................................................................421 15.8.3 键盘反应 ................................................................................................421 15.8.4 FRAMEWIN API ......................................................................................421 15.8.5 示例......................................................................................................442 15.9 GRAPH：图形小工具 .................................................................................443 15.9.1 图形小工具的结构 .....................................................................................443 15.9.2 创建和删除图形小工具................................................................................444 15.9.3 绘制过程 ................................................................................................444 15.9.4 支持的曲线类型 ........................................................................................444 15.9.4.1 GRAPH_DATA_XY ...................................................................................445 15.9.4.2 GRAPH_DATA_YT ...................................................................................445 15.9.5 配置选项 ................................................................................................445 15.9.5.1 图形小工具 .............................................................................................445 15.9.5.2 刻度对象 ................................................................................................445 15.9.6 键盘反应 ................................................................................................445 15.9.7 图形 API ................................................................................................445 15.9.7.1 常用例程 ................................................................................................447 15.9.7.2 GRAPH_DATA_YT 相关的例程.....................................................................455 15.9.7.3 GRAPH_DATA_XY 相关的例程.....................................................................459 15.9.7.4 刻度相关的例程 ........................................................................................463 15.9.8 示例......................................................................................................467 15.10 HEADER：标题小工具 ...............................................................................469 15.10.1 配置选项 ................................................................................................470 15.10.2 通知代码 ................................................................................................470 15.10.3 键盘反应 ................................................................................................470 15.10.4 HEADER API ..........................................................................................470emWin V5.12 用户参考手册 © 1997 - 2011 SEGGER Microcontroller GmbH & Co. KG 15 15.10.5 示例 ..................................................................................................... 482 15.11 ICONVIEW：图标视图小工具 ...................................................................... 483 15.11.1 配置选项................................................................................................ 483 15.11.2 通知代码................................................................................................ 484 15.11.3 键盘反应................................................................................................ 484 15.11.4 ICONVIEW API ...................................................................................... 484 15.11.5 示例 ..................................................................................................... 494 15.12 LISTBOX：列表框小工具 ........................................................................... 496 15.12.1 配置选项................................................................................................ 496 15.12.2 通知代码................................................................................................ 496 15.12.3 键盘反应................................................................................................ 496 15.12.4 LISTBOX API......................................................................................... 497 15.12.5 示例 ..................................................................................................... 513 15.13 LISTVIEW：Listview 小工具 ...................................................................... 514 15.13.1 配置选项................................................................................................ 515 15.13.2 通知代码................................................................................................ 515 15.13.3 键盘反应................................................................................................ 515 15.13.4 LISTVIEW API ....................................................................................... 516 15.13.5 示例 ..................................................................................................... 537 15.14 LISTWHEEL：Listwheel 小工具 .................................................................. 539 15.14.1 配置选项................................................................................................ 539 15.14.2 通知代码................................................................................................ 539 15.14.3 键盘反应................................................................................................ 539 15.14.4 LISTWHEEL API ..................................................................................... 540 15.15 MENU：菜单小工具 .................................................................................. 553 15.15.1 菜单消息................................................................................................ 554 15.15.2 数据结构................................................................................................ 555 15.15.3 配置选项................................................................................................ 555 15.15.4 键盘反应................................................................................................ 556 15.15.5 “菜单” API ........................................................................................... 556 15.15.6 示例 ..................................................................................................... 570 15.16 MESSAGEBOX：消息框小工具 .................................................................... 571 15.16.1 配置选项................................................................................................ 571 15.16.2 键盘反应................................................................................................ 571 15.16.3 MESSAGEBOX API.................................................................................. 571 15.17 MULTIEDIT：多行文本小工具 ..................................................................... 573 15.17.1 配置选项................................................................................................ 574 15.17.2 通知代码................................................................................................ 574 15.17.3 键盘反应................................................................................................ 574 15.17.4 MULTIEDIT API...................................................................................... 574 15.17.5 示例 ..................................................................................................... 584 15.18 MULTIPAGE：“多页”小工具 ..................................................................... 586 15.18.1 配置选项................................................................................................ 587 15.18.2 通知代码................................................................................................ 587 15.18.3 键盘反应................................................................................................ 587 15.18.4 MULTIPAGE API..................................................................................... 587 15.18.5 示例 ..................................................................................................... 598 15.19 PROGBAR：进度条小工具.......................................................................... 599 15.19.1 配置选项................................................................................................ 599 15.19.2 键盘反应................................................................................................ 599 15.19.3 PROGBAR API ....................................................................................... 599 15.19.4 示例 ..................................................................................................... 604 15.20 RADIO：单选按钮小工具 ........................................................................... 605 15.20.1 配置选项................................................................................................ 605 15.20.2 通知代码................................................................................................ 605 15.20.3 键盘反应................................................................................................ 606 15.20.4 RADIO API............................................................................................ 606 15.20.5 示例 ..................................................................................................... 615 15.21 SCROLLBAR：滚动条小工具....................................................................... 617 15.21.1 配置选项................................................................................................ 617 15.21.2 通知代码................................................................................................ 61716 emWin V5.12 用户参考手册 © 1997 - 2011 SEGGER Microcontroller GmbH & Co. KG 15.21.3 键盘反应 ................................................................................................617 15.21.4 SCROLLBAR API .....................................................................................618 15.21.5 示例......................................................................................................625 15.22 SLIDER：滑块小工具 ................................................................................626 15.22.1 配置选项 ................................................................................................626 15.22.2 通知代码 ................................................................................................626 15.22.3 键盘反应 ................................................................................................626 15.22.4 SLIDER API ...........................................................................................626 15.22.5 示例......................................................................................................632 15.23 文本文本小工具 ........................................................................................633 15.23.1 配置选项 ................................................................................................633 15.23.2 键盘反应 ................................................................................................633 15.23.3 文本 API ................................................................................................633 15.23.4 示例......................................................................................................639 15.24 TREEVIEW：树形视图小工具.......................................................................640 15.24.1 术语说明 ................................................................................................641 15.24.2 配置选项 ................................................................................................642 15.24.3 通知代码 ................................................................................................642 15.24.4 键盘反应 ................................................................................................642 15.24.5 TREEVIEW API .......................................................................................643 15.24.5.1 常用例程 ................................................................................................644 15.24.5.2 项目相关例程...........................................................................................657 15.24.6 示例......................................................................................................662 15.25 WINDOW：窗口小工具..............................................................................663 15.25.1 配置选项 ................................................................................................663 15.25.2 键盘反应 ................................................................................................663 15.25.3 WINDOW API.........................................................................................663 16 对话框 ........................................................................................................................665 16.1 对话框的基本原理 .....................................................................................666 16.2 创建对话框 .............................................................................................666 16.2.1 资源表 ...................................................................................................666 16.2.2 对话框过程函数 ........................................................................................667 16.2.2.1 初始化对话框...........................................................................................668 16.2.2.2 定义对话框行为 ........................................................................................669 16.3 对话框 API..............................................................................................670 16.4 对话框 ...................................................................................................670 17 GUIBuilder .................................................................................................................673 17.1 简介......................................................................................................674 17.2 入门指南 ................................................................................................675 17.3 创建对话框 .............................................................................................676 17.3.1 选择父小工具...........................................................................................676 17.3.2 在编辑器中调整大小和定位 ..........................................................................676 17.3.3 修改小工具属性 ........................................................................................676 17.3.4 向小工具添加其他函数................................................................................676 17.3.5 删除小工具属性 ........................................................................................677 17.3.6 删除小工具 .............................................................................................677 17.4 保存当前的对话框 .....................................................................................678 17.5 GUIBuilder 的输出 ...................................................................................679 17.6 修改 C 文件 .............................................................................................681 17.7 如何使用 C 文件 .......................................................................................681 18 换肤............................................................................................................................683 18.1 “皮肤”是什么？ ......................................................................................684 18.2 从使用 API 函数到换肤 ...............................................................................684 18.3 可换肤的小工具 ........................................................................................685 18.4 使用皮肤 ................................................................................................685 18.4.1 运行时间配置...........................................................................................686 18.4.2 编译时间配置...........................................................................................686emWin V5.12 用户参考手册 © 1997 - 2011 SEGGER Microcontroller GmbH & Co. KG 17 18.5 简单更改 “Flex”皮肤外观 ......................................................................... 686 18.6 对 “Flex”皮肤外观所作的重大更改 .............................................................. 687 18.6.1 换肤回调机制 .......................................................................................... 687 18.6.2 更改默认皮肤的外观 .................................................................................. 687 18.6.3 命令列表................................................................................................ 688 18.7 常用的换肤 API........................................................................................ 690 18.8 BUTTON_SKIN_FLEX .............................................................................. 693 18.8.1 配置结构................................................................................................ 693 18.8.2 配置选项................................................................................................ 693 18.8.3 换肤 API................................................................................................ 694 18.8.4 命令列表................................................................................................ 695 18.9 CHECKBOX_SKIN_FLEX .......................................................................... 696 18.9.1 配置结构................................................................................................ 696 18.9.2 配置选项................................................................................................ 696 18.9.3 换肤 API................................................................................................ 697 18.9.4 命令列表................................................................................................ 698 18.10 DROPDOWN_SKIN_FLEX......................................................................... 700 18.10.1 配置结构................................................................................................ 700 18.10.2 配置选项................................................................................................ 701 18.10.3 换肤 API................................................................................................ 701 18.10.4 命令列表................................................................................................ 702 18.11 FRAMEWIN_SKIN_FLEX .......................................................................... 703 18.11.1 配置结构................................................................................................ 703 18.11.2 配置选项................................................................................................ 704 18.11.3 换肤 API................................................................................................ 704 18.11.4 命令列表................................................................................................ 705 18.12 HEADER_SKIN_FLEX .............................................................................. 708 18.12.1 配置结构................................................................................................ 708 18.12.2 配置选项................................................................................................ 708 18.12.3 换肤 API................................................................................................ 709 18.12.4 命令列表................................................................................................ 709 18.13 PROGBAR_SKIN_FLEX ............................................................................ 711 18.13.1 配置结构................................................................................................ 711 18.13.2 配置选项................................................................................................ 711 18.13.3 换肤 API................................................................................................ 712 18.13.4 命令列表................................................................................................ 712 18.14 RADIO_SKIN_FLEX ................................................................................ 715 18.14.1 配置结构................................................................................................ 715 18.14.2 配置选项................................................................................................ 716 18.14.3 换肤 API................................................................................................ 716 18.14.4 命令列表................................................................................................ 717 18.15 SCROLLBAR_SKIN_FLEX......................................................................... 719 18.15.1 配置结构................................................................................................ 719 18.15.2 配置选项................................................................................................ 720 18.15.3 换肤 API................................................................................................ 720 18.15.4 命令列表................................................................................................ 721 18.16 SLIDER_SKIN_FLEX ............................................................................... 724 18.16.1 配置结构................................................................................................ 724 18.16.2 配置选项................................................................................................ 725 18.16.3 换肤 API................................................................................................ 725 18.16.4 命令列表................................................................................................ 726 19 多缓冲 ........................................................................................................................729 19.1 工作原理................................................................................................ 730 19.1.1 双缓冲 .................................................................................................. 730 19.1.2 三缓冲 .................................................................................................. 730 19.2 要求 ..................................................................................................... 731 19.3 限制 ..................................................................................................... 731 19.4 配置 ..................................................................................................... 731 19.4.1 LCD_X_Config() .................................................................................... 731 19.4.2 LCD_X_DisplayDriver()........................................................................... 73218 emWin V5.12 用户参考手册 © 1997 - 2011 SEGGER Microcontroller GmbH & Co. KG 19.5 通过窗口管理器自动使用多个缓冲器 ...............................................................733 19.6 多缓冲 API..............................................................................................734 20 虚拟屏幕 / 虚拟页面 ...................................................................................................739 20.1 简介......................................................................................................740 20.2 要求......................................................................................................740 20.3 配置......................................................................................................741 20.4 示例.....................................................................................................741 20.4.1 基本示例 ................................................................................................741 20.4.2 使用窗口管理器的实时示例 ..........................................................................743 20.4.3 使用窗口管理器的对话框示例 .......................................................................744 20.5 虚拟屏幕 API...........................................................................................746 21 多层 / 多显示支持 .......................................................................................................747 21.1 简介......................................................................................................748 21.1.1 选择绘图操作所使用的层 .............................................................................748 21.1.2 选择窗口所使用的层 ..................................................................................748 21.1.2.1 把窗口从一层移到另一层 .............................................................................749 21.2 使用多层支持...........................................................................................751 21.2.1 透明......................................................................................................751 21.2.2 Alpha 混合 .............................................................................................752 21.2.3 硬件游标 ................................................................................................753 21.2.4 多层示例 ................................................................................................753 21.3 使用多显示支持 ........................................................................................753 21.3.1 启用多显示支持 ........................................................................................753 21.3.2 运行时间屏幕旋转 .....................................................................................754 21.3.3 多显示示例 .............................................................................................754 21.4 配置多层支持...........................................................................................754 21.5 配置多显示支持 ........................................................................................755 21.6 多层 API .......................................

altium_designer10.0入门教程

Altium_Designer_9.0电路设计案例教程

osip源代码框架详解.pdf

Altium_Designer详细使用教程 目录 第 1 章 Altium Designer 6 简介 ........................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Altium Designer 6 软件简介和安装 .................................................................................. 1 1.1.1 系统需求 ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 系统安装 ...................................................................................................................... 2 1.1.3 软件激活 ...................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Altium Designer 6 的窗口界面 ..................................................................................... 5 1.2.1 Altium Designer 6 软件界面简介.......................................................................... 5 1.2.2 Altium Designer 6 的文件类型和服务组件 ......................................................... 7 1.3 Altium Designer 6 的系统设置 ....................................................................................... 10 1.4 Altium Designer 6 的界面自定义 ................................................................................... 20 第 2 章 原理图设计 .......................................................................................................................... 23 2.1 原理图设计基础 ................................................................................................................... 23 2.1.1 原理图设计的一般步骤 ........................................................................................... 23 2.1.2 Altium Designer 6 原理图设计工具栏 ................................................................ 24 2.1.3 图样的放大与缩小 ................................................................................................. 25 2.2 原理图的图纸设置 ............................................................................................................... 26 2.2.1 设置图样大小 .......................................................................................................... 27 2.2.2 Parameters 标签页（图纸属性设置） ............................................................... 30 2.3 元件库的加载 ....................................................................................................................... 31 2.3.1 元器件库管理器 ..................................................................................................... 31 2.3.2 元件库的加载 .......................................................................................................... 32 2.3.3 元件查找 ................................................................................................................... 33 2.4 放置、调整和编辑元件....................................................................................................... 34 2.4.1 放置元器件 ............................................................................................................... 34 2.4.2 调整元件位置 .......................................................................................................... 37 2.4.3 编辑元件属性 ........................................................................................................... 41 2.5 连接线路................................................................................................................................ 44 2.5.1 连接导线 ................................................................................................................... 44 2.5.2 放置线路节点 .......................................................................................................... 45 2.5.3 放置网络标号 .......................................................................................................... 46 2.6 其他对象的编辑及属性编辑 .............................................................................................. 47 2.6.1 放置总线 ................................................................................................................... 47 2.6.2 放置圆弧 .................................................................................................................. 47 2.6.3 放置注释文字 ........................................................................................................... 48 2.6.4 放置文本框 ............................................................................................................... 49 2.7 层次原理图的设计 ............................................................................................................... 50 2.7.1 层次原理图概述....................................................................................................... 51 2.8 创建网络表 ........................................................................................................................... 56 2.8.1 设置网络表选项....................................................................................................... 56 2.8.2 创建网络表 .............................................................................................................. 57 2.8.3 网络表格式 ............................................................................................................ 57 2.9 原理图设计进阶 ................................................................................................................... 58 A

《Windows Developer Preview Guide - Windows开发者预览指南》 《What‘s Metro Style App - 什么是Metro风格的应用？》 《Design Metro Style App - 设计Metro风格的应用》 《Designing for different form factors - 为不同尺寸设备而设计》 《Designing for touch - 为触摸而设计》 《Design for your brand - 为品牌而设计》 《Design for your quality - 为质量而设计》 《Design for globalization and localization - 为全球化及本地化而设计》 《Using the design checklist – 使用设计检查表》 《All About Tile - 磁贴设计规范与检查表》 《sencondary tile - 二级磁贴设计规范与检查表》 《Guidelines and checklist for splash screen - 启动画面设计规范与检查表》 《Guidelines and checklist for app bars - 应用栏—设计规范与检查表》 《Guidelines for snapped and fill views - 辅屏与全屏—设计规范与检查表》

Windows+8应用开发权威指 经过近一年的准备和编写，《Windows 8 应用开发权威指南》一书终于要与读者们见面了。

soa指南 分三部分

想为Xbox360和Windows Phone 7开发游戏吗？通过这本人手必备的教程，您将立马掌握使用微软XNA 4.0游戏开发框架，即使您毫无游戏开发经验。尽管XNA包含几个重要并且对于网络开发新手很难掌握的概念，《XNA4.0学习指南》却能通过清晰、易解的而又循序渐进的方式来减少学习弯路。

C#串口通信程序.pdf

OPCDA服务器与客户程序开发指南修订版

ATL开发指南.

武汉理工大学硕士学位论文 本设计把组态软件分为4个模块：人机界面、实时数据库、运行模块和通信模块 基于vc++6.0平台开发

学习go语言的中文教程学习go语言的中文教程

lwip源代码分析 lwip源代码分析 lwip源代码分析

uCOS-II+v2.83源代码 很好的学习资料

gtkmm-2.3.5手册中文版说明 学习gtkmm 很好的中文教程 　本中文手册基于gtkmm-2.3.5文档中tutorial部分完成，参与翻译的有：为此文档的诞生付出了努力的人员ide-mail翻译篇目简介[email protected]　活动发起人[email protected]　主力翻译手wbusy　　神秘人物，情况不明文档中有一部分内容来自于GTK+ 2.0 中文版教程，在对应部分有相应的说明。版权说明：（来自于GTK+ 2.0 中文版，也适用于本文档）为保证本文档自由传播，保留版权，版权归各位译者所有。本许可授权你制作和发布本手册逐字的拷贝，但在所有拷贝上要保留本版权声明和许可声明。本许可授权你复制和发布本文档的修订版，在逐字的拷贝原文，包含和原版完全一致的版权声明，并且所有修订部分也是以本许可声明发布的条件下。如果你准备出版本文档，请联系维护者，以确保你获得本文档的最新版本。对本文档的适用范围不作担保， 它仅仅是作为一个免费的资源提供。因此，这里提供的这些信息的作者和维护者无法做出这些信息一定正确的保证。

本手册主要是QT C++ GUI 第二版的 的翻译，是学习QT的好资料，

此压缩包包含： 深入浅出ARM7－LPC213x_214x(上).pdf 深入浅出ARM7－LPC213x_214x(下).pdf

第一章：范例 在这一章里将提供三个范例来说明如何使用 μC/OS-II。笔者之所以在本书一开始就写 这一章是为了让读者尽快开始使用 μC/OS-II。在开始讲述这些例子之前，笔者想先说明一 些在这本书里的约定。 这些例子曾经用Borland C/C++ 编译器（V3.1）编译过，用选择项产生Intel/AMD80186 处理器（大模式下编译）的代码。这些代码实际上是在Intel Pentium II PC （300MHz）上 运行和测试过，Intel Pentium II PC可以看成是特别快的80186。笔者选择PC 做为目标系 统是由于以下几个原因：首先也是最为重要的，以PC做为目标系统比起以其他嵌入式环境， 如评估板，仿真器等，更容易进行代码的测试，不用不断地烧写EPROM，不断地向EPROM 仿 真器中下载程序等等。用户只需要简单地编译、链接和执行。其次，使用Borland C/C++产 生的80186的目标代码（实模式，在大模式下编译）与所有Intel、AMD、Cyrix 公司的80x86 CPU 兼容。 1.00 安

Linux程序设计(第4版_EN).pdf Welcome to Beginning Linux Programming, 4th Edition, an easy-to-use guide to developing programs for Linux and other UNIX-style operating systems. In this book we aim to give you an introduction to a wide variety of topics important to you as a developer using Linux. The word Beginning in the title refers more to the content than to your skill level. We’ve structured the book to help you learn more about what Linux has to offer, however much experience you have already. Linux programming is a large field and we aim to cover enough about a wide range of topics to give you a good “beginning” in each subject

里面包括有 protel 99se的 ppt课件和pdf 快速入门

Verilog 黄金参考指南是Verilog 硬件描述语言及其语法语义合并以及将它应用到硬件设计的一个 简明的快速参考指南 Verilog 黄金参考指南并不是要代替IEEE 的标准Verilog 语言参考手册它不像IEEE 的标准手册提供 了Verilog 完整正式的描述相反黄金参考指南以一种方便的参考格式解答了在Verilog 的实践应用过 程中经常遇到的问题 Verilog 黄金参考指南也不想成为介绍性的指南这里所提出的信息是一种扼要的参考格式而不是学 习像Verilog 这种复杂的主题所必要的渐进和共鸣方式但必须承认的是已经熟悉计算机语言的人希望将这 个参考指南作为Verilog 的课本因此在开始本指南就会对这个主题进行一个简单的非正式介绍 Verilog 黄金参考指南的主要特征是它包含了从许多Verilog 项目中积聚起来的大量实践知识指南不 仅提供方便的语法参考很多类似的书也有还对最常见的语言错误提出警告在代码不能编译的时候给 出线索指出要看什么地方警告你注意合并问题并对改善你的编码形式提出建议 Verilog 黄金参考指南是为了给Doulos 的系列Verilog 训练课程增值也是HDL PaceMaker Doulos Verilog 计算机基础训练包的补充

The Verilog Golden Reference Guide is a compact quick reference guide to the Verilog hardware description language, its syntax, semantics, synthesis and application to hardware design. The Verilog Golden Reference Guide is not intended as a replacement for the IEEE Standard Verilog Language Reference Manual. Unlike that document, the Golden Reference guide does not offer a complete, formal description of Verilog. Rather, it offers answers to the questions most often asked during the practical application of Verilog, in a convenient reference format. Nor is The Verilog Golden Reference Guide intended to be an introductory tutorial. Information is presented here in a terse reference format, not in the progressive and sympathetic manner necessary to learn a subject as complex as Verilog. However, acknowledging that those already familiar with computer languages may wish to use this guide as a Verilog text book, a brief informal introduction to the subject is given at the start. The main feature of The Verilog Golden Reference Guide is that it embodies much practical wisdom gathered over many Verilog projects. It does not only provide a handy syntax reference; there are many similar books which perform that task adequately. It also warns you of the most common language errors, gives clues where to look when your code will not compile, alerts you to synthesis issues, and gives advice on improving your coding style. The Verilog Golden Reference Guide was developed to add value to the Doulos range of Verilog training courses, and also to complement HDL PaceMaker, the Verilog Computer Based Training package from Doulos.

Altera® Quartus® II 设计软件为可编程芯片系统(SOPC) 提供最全面的设计环 境。如果您以前使用MAX+PLUS®II 软件、其它设计软件或 ASIC 设计软件， 现在准备改用Quartus II 软件，您对 Quartus II 软件有一些了解但想进一步了 解它的功能，那么本手册非常适合您使用。 本手册针对的读者是 Quartus II 软件初学者，它概述了可编程逻辑设计中 Quartus II 软件的功能。不过，本手册并不是 Quartus II 软件的详尽参考手 册。相反，本手册只是一本指导书，它解释软件的功能以及这些功能如何帮 助您进行 FPGA 和 CPLD 设计。本手册按一系列特定的可编程逻辑设计任务 来组织内容。无论是使用 Quartus II 图形用户界面、其它 EDA 工具还是 Quartus II 命令行界面，本手册都将为您介绍最适合设计流程的功能。

简介：Verilog HDL是一种硬件描述语言，用于从算法级、门级到开关级的多种抽象设计层次的数字系统建模。被建模的数字系统对象的复杂性可以介于简单的门和完整的电子数字系统之间。数字系统能够按层次描述，并可在相同描述中显式地进行时序建模。　　Verilog HDL 语言具有下述描述能力：设计的行为特性、设计的数据流特性、设计的结构组成以及包含响应监控和设计验证方面的时延和波形产生机制。所有这些都使用同一种建模语言。此外，Verilog HDL语言提供了编程语言接口，通过该接口可以在模拟、验证期间从设计外部访问设计，包括模拟的具体控制和运行。　　Verilog HDL语言不仅定义了语法，而且对每个语法结构都定义了清晰的模拟、仿真语义。因此，用这种语言编写的模型能够使用Verilog仿真器进行验证。语言从C编程语言中继承了多种操作符和结构。Verilog HDL提供了扩展的建模能力，其中许多扩展最初很难理解。但是，Verilog HDL语言的核心子集非常易于学习和使用，这对大多数建模应用来说已经足够。当然,完整的硬件描述语言足以对从最复杂的芯片到完整的电子系统进行描述。芯片,设计,版图,晶

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摘要 2005 年6 月,复旦大学微电子系本科毕业答辩上,老师问我:请你用一句话介绍一下usb 技 术.我回了一句:老师,你有病吧,要能用一句话介绍我还费这么大劲写这么长的文章干嘛? 关键词：Linux, Kernel, 2.6, bus, usb, device driver, mass storage, scsi, urb, bulk, control, host, pipe, command, 林志玲

摘要 承上启下继往开来，承的是U 盘/HUB，启的是UHCI/EHCI，抓住设备和驱动两条生命线， 讲述usb core 的故事。

故事梗概:在中关村买了一块外置声卡,路遇卖A片的女子,一番对话后买了A片回去看, 初衷是借A片以测试声卡,不料却发现声卡居然指示灯不亮,推测是声卡所接的Hub 的驱动程 序的问题,百般无奈之下看了一下Linux 内核中2.6.22.1 的Hub 驱动程序的源代码,结果却发 现问题并不在Hub 驱动中,失意之余遂行文记录这段读代码的感受,虽然自己心情郁闷,但是 写下这些东西来或许对其他在Linux 下看A 片的人有一点点的参考价值吧,仅此而已.

"sysfs is a ram-based filesystem initially based on ramfs. It provides a means to export kernel data structures, their attributes, and the linkages between them to userspace.” --- documentation/filesystems/sysfs.txt 可以先把documentation/filesystems/sysfs.txt读一遍。文档这种东西，真正读起来就嫌少了。Sysfs文件系统是一个类似于proc文件系统的特殊文件系统，用于将系统中的设备组织成层次结构，并向用户模式程序提供详细的内核数据结构信息。 去/sys看一看， localhost:/sys#ls /sys/ block/ bus/ class/ devices/ firmware/ kernel/ module/ power/ Block目录：包含所有的块设备 Devices目录：包含系统所有的设备，并根据设备挂接的总线类型组织成层次结构 Bus目录：包含系统中所有的总线类型 Drivers目录：包括内核中所有已注册的设备驱动程序 Class目录：系统中的设备类型（如网卡设备，声卡设备等）

"sysfs is a ram-based filesystem initially based on ramfs. It provides a means to export kernel data structures, their attributes, and the linkages between them to userspace.” --- documentation/filesystems/sysfs.txt 可以先把documentation/filesystems/sysfs.txt读一遍。文档这种东西，真正读起来就嫌少了。Sysfs文件系统是一个类似于proc文件系统的特殊文件系统，用于将系统中的设备组织成层次结构，并向用户模式程序提供详细的内核数据结构信息。 去/sys看一看， localhost:/sys#ls /sys/ block/ bus/ class/ devices/ firmware/ kernel/ module/ power/ Block目录：包含所有的块设备 Devices目录：包含系统所有的设备，并根据设备挂接的总线类型组织成层次结构 Bus目录：包含系统中所有的总线类型 Drivers目录：包括内核中所有已注册的设备驱动程序 Class目录：系统中的设备类型（如网卡设备，声卡设备等）

Emacs 命令通常包含有CONTROL 键（有时候以CTRL 或CTL 来标示）或 是 META 键（有时候以EDIT 或ALT 来标示）。为了避免每一次都要写出其全名， 我们将会使用下述的缩写： C-<chr>; 表示当键入字符<chr>; 时按住CONTROL 键。 因此，C-f 就是：按住CONTROL 键再键入f 。 M-<chr>; 表示当键入字符<chr>; 时按住META 或EDIT 或ALT 键。 如果没有META 、EDIT 或ALT 键时，则可以用 “按一下ESC 键然后放开，再键入<chr>; 的步骤” 来作为替代。我们以<ESC>; 来表示ESC 键。

fpga 入门资料，主要介绍了 fpga 和cpld 的基本原理，对初学者 非常的有用

各位Linux爱好者： 　　你好！本人有幸在坊间得到一名为“Linux C 函数参考”的文本文件，并在此基础重新排版并制成html文件以方便广大爱好者阅读，我感到无比的荣幸。在此多谢各位的鼎力支持，以及日益完善此文件，希望有朝一日能成为Linux编程爱好者必备的参考文件。在此再次多谢编写“Linux C 函数参考”的朋友。

Qt是一个多平台的C++图形用户界面应用程序框架。它提供给应用程序开发者建立艺术级的图形用户界面所需的所用功能。Qt是完全面向对象的很容易扩展，并且允许真正地组件编程。 自从1996年早些时候，Qt进入商业领域，它已经成为全世界范围内数千种成功的应用程序的基础。Qt也是流行的Linux桌面环境KDE 的基础，KDE是所有主要的Linux发行版的一个标准组件。 Qt支持下述平台： MS/Windows - 95、98、NT 4.0、ME、和2000 Unix/X11 - Linux、Sun Solaris、HP-UX、Compaq Tru64 UNIX、IBM AIX、SGI IRIX和其它很多X11平台 Macintosh - Mac OS X Embedded - 有帧缓冲(framebuffer)支持的Linux平台。